Deadweight Testers are the basic primary standard for accurate measurement of pressure. Deadweight testers are used to measure the pressure exerted by gas or liquid and generate a test pressure for the calibration of numerous pressure instruments. Deadweight testers comprise of a precision piston & cylinder assembly plus a set of calibrated masses. They operate by applying a given force over a known cross sectional area of a piston with a matched cylinder.

Deaerators are mechanical devices that remove dissolved gases from boiler feed water. It uses steam to heat the water to the full saturation temperature corresponding to the steam pressure in the deaerator and to carry away dissolved gases. The deaeration system consists of storage tank, vent and a deaeration tank, where water is heated and agitated by steam bubbling through the water. Deaeration designs include atmospheric, pressurized and tray type deaerators.

Debottlenecking is a process to maximize productivity in a manufacturing operation; the amount of time that equipment is idle must be minimized. It requires a comprehensive test run to determine the operation's present status. This process can increase the capacity of the other steps both upstream and downstream.