Automatic capacitor banks are used for central power factor correction at main and group distribution boards. Power factor correction means that reactive power charges levied by electricity suppliers can be avoided. It consists of stages controlled by a power factor controller, which ensures that the required capacitor power is always connected to the system. In automatic capacitor banks all components (capacitor units, contactors and fuses) are built into a compact steel enclosure. This makes installation easy and capacitor banks can also be easily expanded if necessary.

Fixed capacitor banks correct poor power factor, increase load capacity, and regulate voltage throughout the electric distribution systems. It features multiple capacitor cells assembled in a single enclosure. Each dry capacitor cell features dielectric fill (self-healing metallized polypropylene) as well as discharge resistors for safety. These are designed for applications that do not contain harmonic generating loads.

The capacitor structures consist of a first electrode, capacitor dielectric and top electrode. It is formed on a passivation layer overlying the interconnect metallizations. The capacitor electrodes are interconnected to the underlying integrated circuit from underneath; through conductive vias to the underlying interconnect metallizations. The method provides for adding capacitors to an otherwise completed and passivated integrated circuit. The structure is particularly applicable for ferroelectric capacitors. The passivation layer acts as a barrier layer for a ferroelectric dielectric.