Wave springs offer an alternative to coiled springs with specific advantages such as; reduced working height with equal deflection and equal force, which is ideal for tight radial and axial spaces. These springs operate primarily as load bearing devices in order to eliminate play within an application and to compensate for dimensional variations within assemblies.

Waveguide is a structure, which guides waves such as electromagnetic waves, light & sound waves. The different types of waveguide for each type of waves are electromagnetic, optical & acoustic waveguides and sound synthesis. It is constructed to carry waves over a wide portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is useful in microwave & optical frequency ranges. It is also used for transferring power and communication signals.