Cause and effect diagrams are also called sequence of events diagrams. It is a type of graphic organizer that describes how events affect one another in a process. There are many models cause and effect events, including disjointed events, one cause leading to multiple events, chain of events and cycle of events.

The chemical compound potassium hydroxide also known as caustic potash. It is a metallic base. It is very alkaline and is a strong base, along with sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and strontium hydroxide. In agriculture, potassium hydroxide is used to correct the pH of acidic soils. It can also be used as a fungicide or even an herbicide. It is a major industrial chemical used as a base in a wide variety of chemical processes. Some uses of KOH include acrylate ester copolymer coating, defoaming agents used in the manufacture of paper, saponifying oils for liquid soap, formulation aid for food, pH control agent, polyethylene resins, textile processing and as a catalyst in reactions like the production of biodiesel.

The caustic recovery system is composed of a crystallizer, where the aluminates are separated as alumina and caustic soda, and a rotating vacuum filter, which separates alumina. The advantages of this system include caustic soda saving, and waste treatment saving.

Cavitating Venturies are devices, which are used on a flow line to control the flow rate without using complex valve and measuring systems. Cavitating venturies maintain constant propellant flowrate for fixed inlet conditions and wide range of outlet pressures.