Bolted flange joint assembly is widely used in chemical and nuclear plants. Generally, a bolt axial tension is applied by the torque control method for the bolted flange joint assembly.

Bolted joints are most common elements in construction and machine design. These consist of cap screws that capture and join other parts, and are secured with the mating of screw threads. There are two main types of bolted joint designs. In one method the bolt is tightened to a calculated torque producing a clamp load. The other type of bolted joint does not have a designed clamp load but relies on the shear strength of the bolt shaft.

A screw is a shaft with a helical groove or thread formed on its surface. It used as a threaded fastener used to hold objects together, and as a simple machine used to translate torque into linear force. It can also be defined as an inclined plane wrapped around a shaft.