A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated under pressure. The fluid is then circulated out of the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications. Construction of boilers is mainly limited to copper, steel, stainless steel, and cast iron. The source of heat for a boiler is combustion of any of several fuels, such as wood, coal, oil, or natural gas. Electric boilers use resistance or immersion type heating elements. Nuclear fission is also used as a heat source for generating steam. Heat recovery steam generators use the heat rejected from other processes such as gas turbines.

Bourdon tube pressure gauge is used for measuring high as well as low pressure. It consists of metal tube of approximately elliptical cross-section. This tube is bent in the form of a segment of a circle and responds to pressure changes. The pressure acts equally on every square inch of area in the tube. When pressure is applied, the tube will straighten out until the difference in force is balanced by the elastic resistance of the material composing the tube. When one end of the tube is attached to the guage case, the internal pressure causes tube to expand. These are generally made up of brass or nickel steel. The guage is calibrated against known pressures to ensure accurate readings. The working parts are enclosed within a protective case of metal, plastic or similar material with the dial visible through a clear glass or plastic face. This converts the measured parameter directly into a visual display on dial scale, from which it can be recorded. This is used to measure the pressure. This is also used to measure the water depth and hence to reduce relative heights.

Butterfly dampers can be manufactured circular or rectangular, in a variety of configurations to suit a multitude of applications. These are mainly used for isolation, and can be used for control. It is manufactured in a variety of materials and can be supplied with refractory lining. Bearings can be mounted inboard or outboard, depending on the application.

Calorifier is a device utilizes the heat energy of steam to heat the water for heating and domestic purposes. There are two basic types of calorifier, the storage type, used to heat water for domestic purposes and the non-storage type designed to heat water for a means of central heating. The calorifier is sometimes used to provide heat to a drying room for linen. Calorifier is drained in order to replace heating elements.

Cast-iron boilers are used in steam heating or hot water heating applications. It can be constructed in different configurations such as vertical sectional, horizontal sectional and one-piece construction configurations. These are replacements for large welded steel boilers, which may have been installed as the building is being constructed. Vertical sectional cast iron boilers are made up of individual cast iron sections assembled so the sections resemble slices in a loaf of bread. This is probably the most common configuration. Horizontal sectional cast iron boilers are made up of individual cast-iron sections assembled so the sections resemble a stack of pancakes.

Condensate Cooler mixes hot condensate or hot water with a cold water supply to reduce the temperature to acceptable drain temperatures as required by city and state codes. It is a pre-assembled package that is suitable for any plumbing system. When hot condensate or hot water is drained into the condensate cooler body, the tempering valve opens and allows cold water to enter the chamber and mix with hotter liquid, cooling it to a preset temperature level of 135?F (57?C) or to a desired field-set temperature. It is utilized on any application where condensate is being discharged to drain or waste.

Condensate recovery pump is suitable for use on closed recovery applications with high-lift, high-temperature direct return to the boiler. It is also ideal for use on open recovery applications such as those that pump to a tank, with lift heads up to approximately 100 feet and temperatures up to approximately 250 ºF.

Conductivity probe is used in environmental testing for salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and conductivity in water samples. This probe is constructed by chemical resistant materials, which is ideally suited for applications such as drinking water and wastewater treatment, chemical processes & demineralized and softened water. The conductivity probe having one electrode with a small surface can be used for the measurement of instantaneous local concentration during liquid mixing in an electrolytic solution. It uses alternating current at its electrodes and it prevents polarization & electrolysis. It is also used to monitor changes in ion levels in aquatic systems.